Reasoning itself is not as simple as it sounds, although we all have the capacity of thinking logically, 'logic' or rather, 'reason' is divided into two categories; deductive and inductive.
Deductive reasoning 'is a rule-governed method which allows a specific conclusion to be drawn from a set of general statements.' An example would be the following:
All TOK students must write an essay.
Jasmine is a TOK student.
Therefore, Jasmine must write an essay.
We know for a fact that all TOK students must write an essay, it is in the curriculum, hence required. I, Jasmine, am a TOK student so I must write this essay.
Inductive reasoning 'allows a general conclusion to come from a collection of specific cases'. Such as:
x+2=3
x+3= 4
x+4=5
Because the sum increases by one, we can conclude that the variable is indeed one, we can prove this by the previous scenarios, which is what inductive reasoning is all about.
-IB TOK book
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